Emma Muthmainnah
26209081
3EB13
Reading
:
In
776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot of Mount Olympus to
honor the Greeks’ chief god, Zeus. The warm climate for outdoor activities, the
need for preparedness in war, and their lifestyle caused the Greeks to create
competitive sports. Only the elite and military could participate at first, but
later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal record.
The Greeks emphasized physical fitness and strength in their education of youth.
Therefore, contest in running, jumping, discuss and javelin throwing, boxing,
and horse and chariot racing were held in individual cities, and the winners
competed every four years at Mount Olympus. Winners were greatly honored by
having olive wreaths placed on their heads and having poems sung about their
deeds. Originally these contests were held as games of friendship, and any wars
in progress were halted to allow the games to take place. They also helped to
strengthen bonds among competitors and the different cities represented.
The Greeks attached so much importance to the games that
they calculated time in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776
B.C. The contest coincided with religious festivities and constituted an
all-out effort on the part of the participants to please the gods. Any who
disobeyed the rules were dismissed and seriously punished. These athletes
brought shame not only to themselves, but also to the cities they represented.
1. Which
of the following is NOT true?
a.
Winners placed olive wreaths on their own
heads.
b.
The games were held in Greece every four
years.
c. Battles were interrupted to
participate in the games.
d.
Poem glorified the winners in song.
The
Answer : C. Battles were interrupted to participate in the games
The
Reason : Because in the paragraph be explained that the correct sentence is “The contest coincided with religious
festivities and constituted an all-out effort on the part of the participants
to please the gods”.
2. The
word “elite” in line 5 is closest in meaning to…
a.
Aristocracy c. intellectuals
b.
Brave d.
muscular
The
Answer : A. Aristocracy
The
Reason : the meaning of elite is orang-orang terkemuka, kaum atasan, ataupun golongan atasan.
Therefore the word “elite” is closest in meaning to Aristocracy,
because the meaning Aristocracy is kaum ningrat atau bangsawan.
3. Why
were the Olympic Games held?
a.
To stop wars c. To crown the best athletes
b.
To
honor Zeus d.
To sing songs about the athletes
The
Answer : B. To honor Zeus
The
reason : in the first sentence be explained that “In 776 B.C., the first Olympic Games were held at the foot
of Mount Olympus to honor the Greeks’
chief god, Zeus.”
4. Approximately
how many years ago did these games originate?
a.
800 years b.
1,200 years c.
2,300 years d. 2,800 years
The
answer : D. 2,800 years
The
Reason : In
the above
paragraph be explained that the Olympic Games
the first time in 776 BC (776 Before Masehi)
now in 2012, so The Olympic games happen since 2012
+ 776 = 2788 “
2800” years ago.
5. What
conclusion can we draw about the ancient Greeks?
a.
They were pacifists.
b. They believed athletic events were
important
c.
They were very simple
d.
They couldn’t count, so they used
“Olympiads” for dates
The
Answer : B. They believed athletic events were important
The
Reason : In the first sentence of the second paragraph be explained that The
Greeks attached so much importance to the games that they calculated time in
four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.
6. What
is the main idea of this passage?
a.
Physical fitness was an integral part of
the lives of the ancient Greeks
b.
The Greeks severely punished those who did
not participate in physical fitness programs
c.
The Greeks had always encouraged everyone
to participate in the games
d. The Greeks had the games coincide with
religious festivities so that they could go back to war when the games were
over.
The
Answer : D. The Greeks had the games coincide with religious festivities so
that they could go back to war when the games were over.
The
Reason : the main idea in the second paragraph in the second sentence.
7. In
line 14, the word “deeds” is closest in meaning to
a. Accomplishments
b.
Ancestors
c.
Documents
d.
Property
The
answer : A. Accomplishments
The
Answer : the meaning of deeds is perbuatan. Therefore the word “deeds” is closest in meaning
to
Accomplishments, because the meaning Accomplishments is prestasi, penyelesaian
atau pencapaian.
8. Which
of the following was ultimately required of all athletes competing in the
Olympics?
a.
They must have completed military service
b.
They had to attend special training
sessions
c. They had to be Greek males with no
criminal record
d.
They had to be very religious
The
Answer : C. They had to be Greek males with no criminal record
The
Reason : In the third sentence of the first paragraph be explained “but later the games were open to all free Greek males who had no criminal
record.”
9. The
word “halted” in line 16 means most nearly the same as ..
a.
Encourages
b.
Started
c. Curtailed
d.
Fixed
The
Answer : C. Curtailed
The
reason : The meaning
of halted is dihentikan, so the word “halted” the same meaning as “Curtailed” because
the meaning of curtailed is dibatasi.
10. What
is an “Olympiad”?
a.
The time it took to finish the games
b. The time between games
c.
The it took to finish a war
d.
The time it took the athletes to train
The
answer : B. The time between games
The
Reason : In the second paragraph be explained that “the games that they calculated time
in four-year cycles called “Olympiads,” dating from 776 B.C.”
STYLISTIC
PROBLEMS
1. The
defendant refused to answer the prosecutor’s questions ____________
a.
Because he was afraid it would incriminate
him.
b.
For fear that they will incriminate him
c. Because he was afraid that his answers
would incriminate him
d.
Fearing that he will be incriminated by it
The
Answer : C. Because he was afraid that his answers would incriminate him
The
Reason : Pada soal
terdapat kata “questions” yaitu bentuk jamak (plural). So the best answer is C,
because “that his answers” is plural (jamak)
2. Mrs.
Walker has returned_______________
a.
A wallet back to its original owner
b.
To its original owner the wallet
c.
The wallet to its originally owner
d. The wallet to its original owner
The
Answer : D. The wallet to its original owner
The
Reason : Kata “return”
diikuti dengan kata “to” dan owner diikuti dengan adverb. The best answer is D.
3. The
hospital owes____________ for the construction of the new wing.
a. The government twenty million dollars
b.
For the government twenty million dollars
c.
To the government twenty million dollars
d.
Twenty million of dollars to the government
The
Answer : A. The government twenty million dollars
The
Reason : Pada dasarnya
struktur kalimat yang benar setelah verb lalu dilanjutkan dengan objek (S+V+O),
so the best answer is A.
4. Sarah
____________ that she could not attend classes next week.
a.
Told to her professors
b.
Said her professors
c. Told her professors
d.
Is telling her professors
The
Answer : C. Told her professors
The
Reason : Susunan penulisan yang benar tidak menggunakan “to”, so the best
answer is C.
5. The
artist was asked to show some paintings at the contest because___________
a.
He painted very good
b. They believed he painted well
c.
Of their belief that he was an good artist
d.
The judges had been told of his talents
The
Answer : B. They believed he painted well
The
Reason : Dari jawaban yang di atas yang paling benar jawabannya adalah B, karena setelah verb (painted)
dibutuhkan adverb (well) bukan adjective.
6. If
motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped, ticketed, and
A
B C
have
to pay a fine.
D
The
incorrect answer : D. have to pay a fine
The
correct answer :
If motorists do not observe the traffic regulations, they
will be stopped, ticketed, and have to be paid a fine.
The reason
: karena "stopped" dan
"ticketed" adalah pasif, maka "have to pay a fine" juga
harus dalam bentuk pasif.
7. Fred,
who usually conducts the choir rehearsals, did not show up last
night
A B
because
he had an accident on his way to the practice.
C D
The
incorrect answer : A. The choir rehearsals
The
correct answer : Fred,
who usually conducts the choir rehearsal, did not show up last night because
he had an accident on his way to the practice.
The reason : Di dalam kalimat
tersebut tidak pelu ditambahkan huruf “s” pada kata rehearseal karena bukan
verb dari kata "the choir".
8. A
short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreams
of her daughter
A B C
who
lives overseas.
D
The incorrect answer : C. Dreams
The
correct answer : A
short time before her operation last month, Mrs. Carlyle dreamed of her daughter
who lives overseas.
The
Reason : kalimat tersebut menunjukkan bentuk lampau. Pada kata "last
month" yang berarti lampau maka "dreams" seharusnya juga dalam
bentuk lampau.
9. The
atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling
to all
A B
who
have
the good fortune to visit there.
C D
The
incorrect answer : C. Who
The
correct answer : The
atmosphere in Andalucía is open, warm, and gives a welcome feeling to all
that have the good fortune to visit there.
The reason : if
use who to replace the subject (person), maka kata that digunakan untuk menjelaskan "the
atmosphere".
10. Some
of the people were standing in the street watched the
parade,
A B C
while
others were singing songs.
D
The incorrect answer : C. Watched
The correct answer : Some of the people were standing in
the street watching the parade,
while others were singing songs.
The
Reason : karena
kalimat ini past pasrticiple maka kata kerjanya menggunakan
verb-ing jadi diubah menjadi watching
(verb-ing).
